https://openstax.org/books/us-history/pages/4-1-charles-ii-and-the-restoration-colonies, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:T_Jefferson_by_Charles_Willson_Peale_1791_2.jpg, https://openstax.org/books/us-history/pages/3-3-english-settlements-in-america. wheat. A significant percentage of Atlantic shipping was on vessels built in the colonies, and shipbuilding stimulated other crafts, such as the sewing of sails, milling of lumber, and manufacturing of naval stores. 17hcentury. 0000008882 00000 n Despite the common prejudice against laboring with one's hands, many Spaniards did so, though unskilled labor was performed by Indians. superior racial group. Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree. Throughout most of Spanish America, the close of the colonial era removed the rigid racial hierarchy that had lasted for three centuries. Many colonists, such as Ben Franklin, were born in poverty and rose to the highest level of society. Merchants often bought wool and flax from farmers and employed newly ." SOCIAL CLASSES. Whether refugees from war (the Germans, for example) or victims of persecution or economic conditions in their homelands (the Irish and ScotchIrish), the new arrivals added to the ethnic and religious mosaic of eighteenthcentury America. A social class is a way of ranking people. National Geographic Society is a 501 (c)(3) organization. In the 18th century, social classes began evolving, and a new middling class arose. 0000004477 00000 n Everyday Life in Colonial America. When did the American colonies declare independence? From the simple divisions of mestizo and mulatto emerged categories such as the castizo, an intermediate position between Spaniard and mestizo, and morisco, the equivalent between mulatto and Spaniard. Lavall, Bernard. The American gentry were rich landowning members of the American upper class in the colonial South. Of the 650,000 inhabitants of the South in 1750, about 250,000 or 40%, were slaves. The South depended on a system of slave labor, which created a large underclass of Africans with no legal rights. They could not sit on town councils, serve as notaries, or become members of the more exclusive artisan guilds such as the goldsmiths. When North America was first discovered, almost every imperial European power began to settle this New World.

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