Gilbert was born in 1957. These models showed how, in species with certain types of breeding patterns, sexual selection may spin out of control-to the point of threatening the speciess very existence (runaway selection). Loftuss work has focused on human memory. Among the many concepts Gergen has introduced into the social psychology vocabulary are the cycle of progressive infirmity (by which psychological diagnoses impact subjects self-understanding for the worse) and generative theory (the idea that the social sciences do not objectively describe the social world so much as theorize it in ways that open up new possibilities for collective action). Biological Perspective Definition. In his most famous experiment, he arranged for 24 student volunteers to be randomly assigned to the roles of guards and prisoners in a mock prison built in the basement of a Stanford University Psychology Department building (whence the name, the Stanford Prison Experiment). Csikszentmihlyi has worked almost exclusively in the field of positive psychology-the investigation of the positive human affective states such as pleasure, happiness, joy, love, and creativity. The Posner cueing task enables very precise measurement of reaction times using a special visual field chart he developed that interacts with the EOG device. In 1977, the American pathologist and psychiatrist George Engel (1913-1999) published in the Journal Science his paper "TheIn 1977, the American pathologist and psychiatrist George Engel (1913-1999) published in the Journal Science his paper "Theneed for a new medical model: A challenge for biomedic The recipient of many awards and honors, Damon has received grants supporting his research from such prestigious organizations as the John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation and the John Templeton Foundation. [3] Avicenna also gave psychological explanations for certain somatic illnesses, and he always linked the physical and psychological illnesses together. Freud is often identified as one of psychology's most famous psychologists, but he is also seen as one of the most notorious. Most recently, he maintained in The Better Angels of Our Nature (2011) that an objective analysis of human history gives reason for optimism, despite the fashionable pessimism of our cultural moment. (Reaction time [RT] is the temporal lag between the presentation of a stimulus and the subjects response; the measurement of RTs in general is known as mental chronometry.) In later work, Nadel put forward what became known as the multiple trace theory of memory, according to which the hippocampus remains the principal neural structure involved in storage and retrieval of episodic memory (recall of events we have experienced), while semantic memory (recall of linguistically mediated facts, such as, for Americans, the significance of the year 1776) is based in the neocortex.

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