If a more protracted course of COVID (over 6months) is demonstrated, the term long-COVID is used. It may resolve after the acute phase of COVID-19. 2022;51(4):44869. Psychosom Med. Quitting smoking may lead to various unpleasant withdrawal symptoms, such as chest pain. Google Scholar. Kemp HI, Corner E, Colvin LA. Weve also seen very different symptoms and presentations and learned to develop patient-specific treatment regimens.. National Institute for Health and Care Excellence, Practitioners RC of G, Scotland HI. 2020;2(8):12003. However, it can cause chest discomfort and pain. Lancet Infect Dis. 2018;38(1):1211. The best treatment is to increase your fluid intake and add salt to the diet. Lingering symptoms common after COVID hospitalization Corticosteroids are immuno-suppressants and have been linked to increased risk of infection [24, 48, 60]. A phenomenon of protracted immunosuppression, known as PICS (persistent inflammation, immunosuppression, and catabolism syndrome), has been presented as a potential major contributing factor for the presentation of post-COVID symptoms [63]. It has also been proposed as a potential mechanism for post-COVID chest pain, particularly when accompanied by shortness of breath [102]. Bradykinins contribute to pro-inflammatory state and also sensitize the sensitive fibers, leading to hyperalgesia [56, 57, 61, 64]. 2016;44:198895. SN Comprehensive Clin Med. When the immune system responds to severe viral infection, it sends white blood cells to counter the threat of the virus, increasing blood flow to the area. Chronic pain conditions can be triggered by psychosocial stressors or organ-specific biological factors. 2022;34(2):7783. 2 min read . Post-COVID musculoskeletal pain includes a higher prevalence of a generalized widespread pain as well as localized pain syndromes such as cervical pain and lower extremity pain, followed by lumbar spine and upper extremities. Chronic pain has a positive relationship to viral infection, psychological stress, and consequences of admission to the hospital or intensive care unit (ICU). The selected articles for inclusion were screened by two independent reviewers using the same method of evaluation. J Clin Med. Telemedicine does not replace clinical practice and the need of face-to-face consultations and patients examination, especially for new patients, rapid changes of the patients condition, or those with associated multiple comorbidities [22, 60, 117].

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