Southern states replaced the Reconstruction-era laws with those that mandated the separation of the races. In a nod to the historic implications of the 1896 Plessy v. Fergusonruling, Louisiana Governor John Bel Edwards has pardoned Plessy for defying the law. There he met and married in July 1866, Virginia Butler Earhart, daughter of Thomas Jefferson Earhart, a staunch and outspoken abolitionist from Pennsylvania. Upon finishing his study, he relocated to New Orleans. Eight months after the ruling in his case, Plessy pleaded guilty and was fined $25 at a time when 25 cents would buy a pound of round steak and 10 pounds of potatoes. Our Constitution is color-blind, and neither knows nor tolerates classes among citizens, Harlan had reminded the Plessy majority(ironically using the same inkwell the late Chief Justice Roger Taney had used in penning the infamousDred Scottdecision of 1857, at least according to legend). of races. (Ill let you guess which race almost always came out on top. They established The Plessy & Ferguson Foundation to educate and remind people about the impacts of the Plessy vs. Ferguson decision. Making the Louisiana law even more absurd, in Harlans view, had been the sole exception the statute had carved out for nurses attending children of the other race. In other words, it was OK for black Mammies to ride white cars with white babies, but not with their own (or with white adults, for that matter), because in those instances alone, the unspoken racial hierarchy was clear: Black nurses, at least as a matter of perception, still bore the markings of slaves. There is not a lawyer that you could talk to that's not familiar with those words.". There was an error deleting this problem. Although Plessy was 7/8 Caucasian, he replied, "Colored" and was instructed to go to the "colored only" train car. Plessys act of civil disobedience followed a careful script and took place with the approval of the railroad company, which opposed the law because it would have required the purchase of additional cars to accommodate Black passengers. Young Ferguson's family was all but wiped out between 1849 and 1861, and after the Civil War ended, and he had completed his legal studies in Boston under the tutelage of Benjamin F. Hallett, Ferguson moved to New Orleans in 1865.

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