Direct observation of structure and dynamics during phase separation of an elastomeric protein. Tropoelastin. Stem cell growth accelerated by tropoelastin protein A single tropoelastin molecule can stretch up to eight times its resting length and has a Youngs modulus (tensile stiffness) of 3 kPa (Baldock et al., 2011) in comparison to elastins extensibility of 150% and stiffness of 1 mPa (Aaron and Gosline, 1981). Biochemistry 36, 84138421. The process of tropoelastin aggregation is initially reversible, as spherules dissipate if the temperature is lowered (Clarke et al., 2006), however, maintenance of a physiological temperature results in maturation, which is indicated by spherule coalescence and the irreversible formation of fibrillar structures (Cox et al., 1974; Bressan et al., 1983; Mithieux et al., 2005). doi: 10.1007/978-1-4684-9093-0_25, Scandolera, A., Odoul, L., Salesse, S., Guillot, A., Blaise, S., Kawecki, C., et al. Tropoelastin is frequently described in the literature as an unstructured protein, mainly because models of elasticity invoke an element of disorder within the structure (4, 9, 10).While this concept appears to be the case at the fine, more subtle intramolecular level, chaos alone is unlikely to explain the ordered assembly of tropoelastin which culminates in the formation of organized . Sequences and domain structures of mammalian, avian, amphibian and teleost tropoelastins: clues to the evolutionary history of elastins. Tropoelastins flexibility does not allow it to pack into a crystal lattice and its size renders it too complex to assign atomic interactions using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) on a global level (Tamburro et al., 2003, 2006; Bochicchio et al., 2004; Pepe et al., 2008). Acad. Together, we build bridges, power ideas, act fast and drive results for our customers and patients around the world by always doing what is right. In vitro elastogenesis: instructing human vascular smooth muscle cells to generate an elastic fiber-containing extracellular matrix scaffold. Elastagen is creating injectables using recombinant human tropelastin, a substance that's crucial for producing elastin fibers in the skin. doi: 10.1038/nrm3904, Bressan, G. M., Castellani, I., Giro, M. G., Volpin, D., Fornieri, C., and Pasquali Ronchetti, I. Our understanding of key aspects of the assembly process have been unclear due to the intrinsic properties of elastin and tropoelastin that render them difficult to study. Sci. The flexibility of the mid-region of the molecule was proposed to drive the overall elasticity of the resultant fibers. Structural changes and facilitated association of tropoelastin. The human ELN gene is located on the long arm of chromosome 7q11.2 and comprises of 34 exons nestled between lengthy introns (Indik et al., 1987, 1989; Bashir et al., 1989). FASEB J. Exp. The ERC binds elastin derived peptides, which are the product of proteolytic activity of soluble and insoluble elastin by various elastases. Res. Comparative genomics of elastin: sequence analysis of a highly repetitive protein. doi: 10.1080/07391102.1992.10508661, Tamburro, A. M., Pepe, A., and Bochicchio, B. Computational smart polymer design based on elastin protein mutability. Effect of peptide sequence on the LCST-like transition of elastin-like peptides and elastin-like peptidecollagen-like peptide conjugates: simulations and experiments. Cross-linking requires the modification of at least one of the lysine participants by a member of the copper-containing LOX or lysine oxidase-like (LOXL) enzyme families. U.S.A. 116, 20422051. doi: 10.1083/jcb.68.3.411, Noda, K., Dabovic, B., Takagi, K., Inoue, T., Horiguchi, M., Hirai, M., et al. 264, 88878891. Am. The full-atomistic model of tropoelastin was developed based on replica exchange molecular dynamics (REMD) simulations, an accelerated sampling method for molecular dynamics (Tarakanova et al., 2018).

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